International Journal of Cardiovascular Research & Innovation

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular regenerative medicine represents a rapidly advancing frontier aimed at repairing or replacing damaged myocardial tissue and restoring cardiovascular function. With heart disease remaining the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, traditional interventions often fall short of reversing tissue loss or functional impairment. Recent breakthroughs in stem cell biology, tissue engineering, gene editing, and biomaterials have catalyzed the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Among these, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), cardiac organoids, and extracellular vesicle-based therapies have shown substantial promise in both preclinical and early-phase clinical studies. The integration of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and bio printing technologies has further enhanced the precision and customization of regenerative approaches. Additionally, advancements in single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have improved our understanding of cardiac cellular heterogeneity and pathophysiology, guiding the refinement of therapeutic targets. Despite significant progress, challenges such as low cell engraftment, immune rejection, and scalability continue to impede clinical translation. This review explores current research trends and innovations within cardiovascular regenerative medicine, highlighting transformative techniques and their translational potential while underscoring the need for continued interdisciplinary collaboration to overcome remaining obstacles.

Article History

Received 16 October 2024; Revised 15 November 2024; Accepted 21 November 2024

KEYWORDS

1. Cardiovascular regenerative medicine
2. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
3. Gene editing (CRISPR/Cas9)
4. Tissue engineering
5. Cardiac organoids