International Journal of Cardiovascular Research & Innovation

ABSTRACT

Background: Cardiovascular vulnerability has emerged as a critical health concern with the increasing frequency and intensity of heatwaves across urban India. Elevated ambient temperatures exacerbate pre-existing heart conditions and often delay timely recognition and intervention. While quantitative studies have established statistical correlations, little is known about patient and provider experiences during heat-induced cardiac events.

Objective: To explore the lived experiences of patients with cardiac events during periods of high heat in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, alongside insights from cardiologists and dietitians.

Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with participants from tertiary hospitals during officially declared heatwave periods. Thematic analysis was applied to identify and interpret patterns across participant narratives, supported by NVivo software for data management.

Results: Emergent themes included increased cardiac admissions during heatwaves, atypical symptom presentation, delays in care due to misattribution, and reliance on unverified home remedies. Misconceptions about hydration and cultural dietary habits further complicate patient outcomes. Structural challenges such as inadequate housing, outdoor work exposure, and lack of refrigeration limited the feasibility of implementing dietary and lifestyle advice. All participants emphasized the absence of clear, season-specific guidance on managing cardiac health during extreme heat.

Conclusion: Extreme heat magnifies cardiac health risks through both physiological and socio-environmental pathways. Integrating qualitative evidence into public health strategies such as pre-summer education campaigns, targeted triage protocols, and accessible dietary counseling is essential to strengthen climate-resilient cardiac care in urban India.

Article History

Received 18 February 2025; Revised 18 March 2025; Accepted 25 March 2025

KEYWORDS

1. Urban heatwaves
2. Cardiac health
3. Climate-sensitive healthcare
4. Heat-related morbidity